A Study on the Impacts of Series Compensation on Distance Relays Equipped with Load Encroachment Units in Partially IBR-Supplied Grids

This manuscript evaluates the performance of distance protection relays with load encroachment capability in transmission lines compensated by series capacitors. On the other hand, Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) affect the performance of distance relays as well as their load encroachment units. Therefore, the impact of series compensation on distance relays with load encroachment unit in partially IBR-driven grids should be accurately examined. This study briefly reviews the series capacitor compensators, their structures, and their accurate models. Next, it investigates challenges in distance protection settings and load encroachment units in compensated lines in the grids partly powered by IBRs. Numerous compensation levels under heavy inductive or capacitive loads are studied using MATLAB for modeling the test grid and distance relays. The test results are thoroughly discussed, and conclusions are described.