Flexibility Enhancement for Logistics-Energy Coordination in Hydrogen-Electric Hybrid Seaports

Logistic-energy coordination is a key strategy for enhancing energy efficiency in electrified seaports. However, exiting works adopt fixed logistic power load models and seldom address the participation of automatic guided vehicles (AGVs), resulting in low system flexibility. This paper proposes an innovative logistic-energy coordination model for hydrogen-electric hybrid seaports. The proposed model integrates energy feedback from all-electric ships (AESs) and electric-powered quay cranes (QCs), along with battery swapping of electric-powered AGVs (EAGVs) and fast refueling of hydrogen-powered AGVs (HAGVs), into the overall logistic-energy coordination framework. By enabling variable bidirectional power flows and fast energy recharging of AGVs, the operational flexibility is significantly improved. Case studies conducted at Rizhao Port demonstrate that the proposed method can substantially reduce system costs.