Design and Development of an Eco-Friendly Antenna Using a Paper-Based Substrate for 5G IoT Devices

The quick development of 5G technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) necessitate the use of environmentally friendly and high-performing antenna solutions. This study describes the design and development of an environmentally friendly microstrip patch antenna for 5G Internet of Things applications that uses a graphene-based ground and patch and a paperbased substrate. The suggested antenna uses a microstrip line feed to increase bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and gain while providing a flexible and biodegradable substitute for traditional substrates. It is optimized for sub-6 GHz 5G bands. Incorporating graphene as the conducting material enhances conductivity and provides a scalable and affordable option for next wireless communication systems. This design opens the door for ecologically conscious developments in next-generation 5G-enabled IoT ecosystems by showcasing the possibilities for high-performance and sustainable antenna solutions.