Research on a Multi-Agent Stackelberg Game Model for Electric Vehicle Aggregation Participation in Electricity Markets

This work builds an interaction model based on the Stackelberg game to address the multi-agent interest coordination challenge brought on by the expansion of electric vehicle access to the power market. They modify the charging scheduling, electricity pricing tactics, and facility investment, respectively, with the Grid operator as the leader and Electric Vehicle Aggregators, Electricity Retail Company, and Charge Point operator as the followers. To accomplish the dual objectives of maximizing the advantages of participating agents and lowering the cost of grid operation, a two-layer iterative algorithm is used. The case study findings demonstrate that the Stackelberg game model can considerably boost the Grid operator's and aggregators' revenues when compared to the unordered charging scenario. This confirms the model's efficacy in balancing the interests of various stakeholders and allocating resources as efficiently as possible.