Research and Practice on Charging and Battery Swapping Systems Centered on Vehicle-to-Grid Interaction

China's rapid growth of new energy vehicles (NEVs) necessitates advanced charging infrastructure and grid stability solutions. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, integrating bidirectional charging/discharging, smart scheduling, and grid interaction, enhances grid efficiency via peak shaving, supports distributed energy storage, and enables demand-side management. This study, grounded in global and domestic V2G trends and Shandong Province's market data and grid capacity analysis, outlines V2G's technical framework, standardization needs, and innovative business models. It proposes actionable strategies for infrastructure development, leveraging forecast models from authoritative reports to guide policymakers, enterprises, and researchers in harmonizing NEV expansion with grid modernization. The findings aim to advance V2G adoption, addressing technical, regulatory, and market challenges to accelerate sustainable energy transitions.