Evaluating Classroom Climate in Primary and Secondary Education: Insights from AI-Based Classroom Observation

Positive psychology highlights the significance of positive experiences and attitudes in fostering human potential and achieving personal goals. A positive classroom climate creates a conducive learning environment that significantly impacts academic outcomes, learning experiences, and mental health. This paper evaluates and compares the classroom climate in primary and secondary schools in Guangdong Province using factor and cluster analysis to identify key patterns and differences. The findings indicate that classroom climate can be measured through observable data from CSMS. Additionally, the study reveals that rural schools have a better classroom climate. Based on these findings, the paper proposes targeted recommendations to enhance classroom climate across different school settings.