Joint Scheduling of Distributed Energy Resources in Active Distribution Networks for Flexible Ramping Products

With the rapid expansion of renewable energy integration, the demand for flexibility in power systems has significantly increased. Active distribution networks (ADNs), equipped with abundant distributed energy resources (DERs), are capable of providing Flexible Ramping Products (FRP) to the higher-level power grid, thereby enhancing the flexibility and stability of the system. However, when providing FRP, ADNs face challenges from the volatility of local renewable energy generation (REG) and the uncertainty of dispatch requirements from the upstream power grid, which jeopardize the reliable delivery of FRP. Energy storage systems (ESS), with their advantages of fast response and flexible regulation, can effectively smooth the output fluctuations of REG and provide reliable FRP support to the ADNs. To this end, this paper proposes a two-stage robust optimization model for joint scheduling of ADNs and ESS. Validation tests performed on the IEEE 33-bus network confirm that the developed model can significantly enhance the ADNs' ability to provide FRP while maximizing economic benefits.