A Smart On-Street Parking Framework

The rapid growth of urban vehicle populations has intensified the need for efficient on-street parking management. Traditional systems often require drivers to estimate parking duration, resulting in overpayments or fines, while manual enforcement incurs high costs and lacks adaptability. This paper proposes an integrated smart parking framework combining IoT-enabled cameras, cloud-based Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR), and blockchain smart contracts to automate vehicle detection, monitoring, payment, and enforcement. Using Oradea, Romania, as a reference, the framework aims to reduce fraud and operational costs while improving transparency and user experience. Although the framework remains theoretical without a full deployment, quantitative benchmarks from existing research validate its feasibility and underscore its potential to streamline urban parking management.