Bi-Level Optimization Planning for Electro-Thermal-Hydrogen Integrated Energy Systems Considering Demand Response

Facing challenges like coordinated economic operation in integrated energy systems(IES), which caused by renewable energy uncertainty, high investment and operational costs, while provide sufficient energy supply to electricity, heat, and hydrogen load. This paper proposes a bi-level optimization planning method for electro-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy systems(ETHIES) considering demand response from load side. First, a price-based demand response mechanism is designed to narrow the gap between renewable energy output power and load demand. Second, a bi-level optimization configuration model is developed, the upper level aims to minimize daily costs by optimizing wind and solar power capacity as well as electricity, heat, and hydrogen storage consumption, while the lower level aims to maximize daily operational revenue with system operation strategies. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed for iterative solving to generate a coordinated optimal capacity configuration plan and operation strategy.