Two-Stage Capacity Sharing Market Incorporating Business Model and Online Policy

In recent years, shared energy storage (SES) has emerged as a novel operational mode for energy storage devices on the renewable energy side of power systems. It addresses multiple limitations of traditional energy storage operation modes while concurrently presenting challenges in appropriate business models and online strategies. This paper proposes a two-stage capacity sharing market framework that incorporates a day-ahead business model and a real-time online policy. The day-ahead stage employs a packing-based sharing mechanism and market clearing approach to derive SES capacity allocations for renewable power plants under Stackelberg game equilibrium. These allocations serve as boundary conditions for schedulable virtual storage of renewable plants in the real-time stage. A rolling optimization-based online policy is then developed to assist renewable plants in real-time operations facing uncertainties in renewable output and electricity prices. Case studies validate that the proposed business model can benefit both the renewable plants and the SES.