Comparative Analysis of Single-Diode and Two-Diode Models of Photovoltaic Panels

This study conducts an in-depth comparative analysis of the single-diode and two-diode modelling approaches commonly utilized for simulating the electrical performance of photovoltaic panels (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{PV}_{-} \mathrm{P}$</tex>). Accurate modelling of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{PV}_{-} \mathrm{P}$</tex> is essential for designing and optimize solar energy systems. Each model is evaluated in terms of its complexity, accuracy in predicting the current-voltage <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$I(V)$</tex> and Power-Voltage <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$P(V)$</tex> characteristics under various irradiance and temperature conditions, and suitability for different applications. Simulations are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink, and realworld data from commercial PV_P modules are used for validation. The results show that while the single-diode model offers simplicity and reasonable accuracy, the two-diode model provide enhanced performance under low irradiance and hightemperature variations at the cost of increased complexity.