Simulation of the Thermoelectric Energy Distribution Characteristics of HVDC Converter Based on COMSOL

Driven by the “dual-carbon” goals, real-time monitoring of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter valves is critical for grid security. Thermoelectric generation (TEG)-based self-powered devices, with their compact structure and high energy density, emerge as an ideal solution for powering online monitoring systems. However, precise evaluation of the thermoelectric energy distribution characteristics across core components remains essential. This study proposes a simulation method for analyzing thermoelectric energy distribution in converter valves, enabling the full-process reproduction of thermal-fluid field interactions. Results demonstrate that under normal operating conditions, spatial temperature differentials above heat sources exhibit a nearlinear increase, reaching 5.2°C at 10 cm above components, with minimal sensitivity to valve layer height. The proposed methodology establishes a effective foundation for designing thermoelectric energy harvesting devices, advancing practical applications in intelligent power systems.