Accelerating Black-Start Recovery with Grid-Forming Energy Storage for High Renewable Energy Penetrated Power Systems

The operation and control level of modern power systems are constantly improving, but they have to face the threat of blackouts. Therefore, the research on black-start recovery is still very important. Against the backdrop of low-carbon energy transition, contemporary power systems are increasingly characterized by a substantial integration of renewable energy sources (RES). This paper uses grid-forming (GFM) energy storage as a black-start resource to participate in the black-start recovery process of power systems with high new energy penetration. First, a mathematical model related to GFM energy storage is established, considering the black-start capability and power constraints of GFM energy storage. Secondly, a black-start mathematical model of power systems with high new energy penetration is constructed. The problem of solving the optimal path for black-start is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. Finally, two scenarios are set up for solving multiple time periods, which verifies that GFM energy storage can accelerate the recovery of power systems with high new energy penetration.