High sensitivity Surface Plasmon resonance based biosensor using Photonic crystals fiber

The high-sensitivity SPR-based biosensor assisted by photonic crystal fibers, PCF, is the focus of the present paper in terahertz, THz, frequency range applications. Because of their special features, 0.1-10 THz, THz waves can be integrated into PCFs, whose cladding zones are microscopic air holes around the core. PCFs can be further classified into solid-core, hollow-core, or porous structures, suitable for the localized guidance of terahertz pulses, thus making them a very important tool for biological sensing and material characterization. Its safety for non-invasive applications easily establishes the THz zone between the ionizing and non-ionizing electromagnetic waves, giving it unexplored opportunities, especially in medical fields, such as blood analysis to identify cell types and measure chemical concentrations. The biosensor incorporates the interaction between THz radiation and biological materials to quantify pH, glucose, and oxygen and may find very fruitful applications in highly sensitive real-time sensing.