Energy Self-Sufficiency and Low-Carbon Dispatch Strategy for Offshore Islands Using an Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer

Ocean islands, rich in renewable energy, face challenges in energy transfer due to isolation. This paper proposes a low-carbon dispatch strategy for distant islands, integrating shared hydrogen storage (SHS) and short-term hydrogen storage (STHS) into a comprehensive framework with hydrogen fuel cell ship (HFCS) transportation. The model aims to minimize operational and carbon costs while maximizing energy self-sufficiency. Using an improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO) with Differential Evolution, the strategy reduces hydrogenation costs by 21.4% and peak-valley differences by 16%, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing energy self-sufficiency and reducing emissions.