Measurement and Analysis Methods for Adjustable Loads in Megacities

Demand Side Management (DSM) has become an important solution to address the power supply-demand imbalance, and flexible loads (such as cooling loads and electric vehicle (EV) charging loads) are core components of DSM. This study focuses on a megacity and analyzes the regulation potential, calculation methods, and impacts of cooling loads and EV loads on the power system. Using the Peak Load Comparison Method (PLCM) and the Baseline Load Comparison Method (BLCM), the cooling load in a southern city was quantitatively measured. The results indicate that cooling loads are increasing year by year, with cooling loads during summer peak periods exerting significant pressure on the power grid. Additionally, the charging behavior of electric vehicles was modeled and analyzed, estimating the charging demand for different types of electric vehicles and predicting future growth trends in charging loads. The findings show that cooling loads and EV charging loads are significant flexible resources in the power systems of megacities, and their reasonable regulation is crucial for enhancing the operational efficiency and stability of the grid. Finally, the study highlights current challenges and suggests future research directions, including incorporating more climate data and user behavior data to improve load estimation accuracy.