Three-Port Multi-Band MIMO Microstrip Patch Antenna with DGS for V2X Communication and Smart Vehicular Systems

This work describes a novel three-port multi-band MIMO microstrip patch antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) developed for V2X (Vehicle-to-Anything) communication and smart vehicular systems. The proposed system is compact and efficient across several frequency bands. It is made of PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene), a polymer with a low dielectric constant (2.1), which reduces signal loss and increases efficiency, both of which are necessary for reliable V2X transmission. MIMO technology improves V2X communication by increasing data throughput and supporting advanced applications, making it adaptable to current and future vehicle communication system improvements. The antenna’s multi-band operation is suitable for applications such as in multi-sensor environments, allowing efficient transfer of data from the sensors, user-to-engine communication, and V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) and V2N (vehicle-to-network) communication. The proposed design addresses the growing demand for adaptability and effective solutions in modern automobile communication systems by integrating multiple functionalities into a single antenna. Moreover, the antenna resonates at 5.88 GHz, with a bandwidth spanning from 5.64 GHz to 6.1 GHz. This frequency range aligns with the 5.9 GHz DSRC band (5.825 GHz to 5.925 GHz), which is widely used for V2X communication as defined by the IEEE 802.11p standard. The antenna achieves a gain of 4.35dB with an efficiency of 80 % for 5.88GHz optimal and reliable performance. It also exhibits a SAR value of 0.2W/Kg which guarantees user safety in applications where space constraint is critical.