Analysis of the Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Power on Distribution Networks Under Time-of-Use Pricing

In recent years, the rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has raised significant concerns about their effect on the stability of distribution networks, particularly due to the high charging demands associated with EVs. To mitigate the load impact from EV charging, Time-of-Use (TOU) pricing has been widely implemented. However, in certain regions, the adoption of TOU pricing has resulted in a concentration of EV charging during off-peak hours, which further aggravates the load stress on distribution networks. To address this challenge, this paper examines the charging behavior of EV users under TOU pricing, develops a hybrid probability model to describe this behavior, and quantifies the impact of EV charging on distribution network voltage and power losses through probabilistic power flow analysis. A case study of a typical 12-node medium-voltage distribution network is used to demonstrate the relevance and necessity of this research.