A Synergistic Optimization Method of New Energyenergy Storage Plants Siting and Capacity Determination for Highways with Reliability Calculation

With the rapid development of electrified transportation and clean energy technologies, highways—as vital national transportation corridors–face numerous challenges in their power supply systems, including dispersed loads, long transmission distances, and sparse grid interconnections. These challenges necessitate the construction of an efficient, costeffective, and reliable new energy power supply system. However, current studies primarily focus on either economic optimization or power supply stability evaluation in isolation, failing to fully balance the synergy between operational reliability and economic investment. This imbalance often leads to planning schemes that incur wasted investments and insufficient power supply reliability in practice. To address this research gap, this paper proposes a coordinated optimization method for the site selection and capacity determination of new energy–energy storage power stations along highways. The method is based on a mixed-integer linear programming model that, while thoroughly considering the construction and operational costs of wind, photovoltaic, and energy storage systems, also incorporates constraints derived from power supply reliability indicators. To facilitate model solution, the candidate area is discretized using a grid-based mapping technique, and high-resolution quantification of wind and solar resources is achieved by utilizing NASA's MERRA-2 meteorological data. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulation is introduced to evaluate the system's power supply performance under various fault conditions.