Quantum Noise on the Optical Power Spectra of Photonic Oscillators

Semiconductor lasers are examined in the presence of quantum noise emanated from the gain medium. A pendulum-type, third order differential law for the phase of electric field is employed and the optical power spectrum of the system is rigorously derived as a sum of Lorentzians. The influence of injection level, linewidth enhancement factor, input detuning and noise strength on the photonic oscillator response is identified. The followed methodology paves the way towards the analytical treatment of quantum noise effect in multiple photonic integrated circuits hosting tunable limit cycles, powerful resonances and associated hysteresis phenomena.