Ultra-Compact Low-Power 1 ^st Order Quasi-Passive Sigma-Delta Modulator for Organ-on-Chip Systems

This paper presents a 1<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> Order Quasi-Passive Sigma-Delta Modulator developed in 65 nm technology which fits in a 30 × 36 µm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area, for applications in Organ-on-Chip systems. In these systems, low power dissipation is crucial to avoid heating biological parts and to maintain a stable temperature. It is also desirable to have ultra-compact analog-to-digital converters so the signals from a single cell or a single sensor of a large sensor matrix can be individually conditioned. This circuit fills a gap in low to medium-frequency efficient compact analog-to-digital converter literature. The circuit achieves an area smaller than 1080 µm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and power consumption lower than 10 µW while having an SNDR of 51.1 dB, and thus, an ENOB of 8.2 bit, as well as a bandwidth of over 50 kHz.