A Novel Martian Time Measurement Technology Based on Inertial Rotation Parameters

The exploration of habitable extraterrestrial planets has always been a key scientific issue for human research. The study of extraterrestrial planets has gone through a long process of "skimming, orbiting, landing, patrol, recovery, and manned". Planetary time is a time measurement system based on the rotation of planets, which is the time benchmark for constructing various stages of exploration of extraterrestrial planets. Human beings have established a universal time system on Earth through various means, but there is still no measurement method for planetary time on extraterrestrial planets. Mars is known as the second Earth, and conducting precise measurements on Mars is of great significance for Mars exploration, sample retrieval, and manned landing. This article proposes a research on Martian time measurement technology based on inertial rotation parameters. Firstly, the Martian environment is carefully studied, the factors of which are analyzed impacts of the measurement system. A Mars day simulation environment is construct and coupled with the influencing factors of Martian environment. A high-precision environmental control module is developed and meets the environmental adaptability of the measurement system. Secondly, a novel technique has been investigated for new error-derived mechanisms and noise suppression techniques for ultra-long-haul optical fibers. A fiber optic gyro in the 10-5°/h class was developed based on the above technology, which was used to accurately measure Martian inertial rotation parameters. Then, a composite local and remote calibration mechanism is proposed to maintain the angular and angular velocity measurement accuracy in view of the fiber optic gyroscope and hydrogen atomic clock offset over time in the measurement system. Finally, the relative standard uncertainty of the angular rate of the measurement system can be used to derive the day length of Mars to the order of milliseconds, which lays a solid technical foundation for the exploration of Mars.