Implantable Closed-loop Neuromodulation Platform Dedicated to Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment

In this paper, we present a wireless closed-loop neuromodulation platform dedicated to diabetes management through implants in various body locations, such as the brain, stomach, and pancreas. The system's key components comprise a System-on-Chip (SoC) featuring a maximum 64-channel neural recording block to explore both neural roots and muscles involved in diabetes emergence and interactions within diverse organs with superior spatial resolution, an energy-efficient Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) wireless transmitter, and an 8-channel stimulator for highly selective organ targeting. These capabilities are further enhanced by an edge-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) mechanism for real-time analysis. Simulation results show a total power consumption of 31.16 μW per channel for the recording and wireless transmission units, while the stimulator, powered by an inductive link, offers adjustable output with a maximum current of 3 mA and a voltage compliance of 9 V. Additionally, AI implemented as a four-layer neural network (NN) model using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) on a wearable system achieved an accuracy of 98.06% in test sets.