Individual optimization of FOV for vertices and side PDs of Angle Diversity Receiver for Underwater Visible Light Communication

Underwater visible light communication (UVLC) has gained attention for its effectiveness in undersea exploration. However, due to background noise like sunlight, UVLC has mainly been applied in deep ocean environments. To extend its use to shallow water, a scheme was proposed that applies maximal-ratio combining to an angle diversity receiver (ADR) with multiple photodiodes (PDs) positioned at different angles, focusing on optimizing PD placement. Previous studies fixed each PD’s field of view (FOV) at 90 degrees without optimization, and neglected movement in the Z direction (depth changes). This paper explores optimal FOV settings for PDs to maximize area coverage (AC). Four types of communication areas are considered, optimizing parameters for each under solar noise and receiver movement in the XYZ direction. Results show that uniform optimization, setting all FOVs equally, works well for areas with similar aspect ratios but performs poorly in distinctly vertical or horizontal areas, reducing AC significantly. In contrast, individual optimization, adjusting FOV based on PD installation angle, improves AC by over 8% compared to uniform optimization.