Comparative Analysis of Energy Storage Technology for Solar Water Pump

This study provides an evaluation of the efficiency of energy storage technologies of Lead-Acid batteries and the Maxwell supercapacitor of capacity 2.5V 3000F by comparing their energy storage capacity, charging and discharging efficiency, life cycle, cost effectiveness and performance in solar water pump applications. It contributes to the increasing knowledge on energy storage technologies by highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Solar water pump systems rely strongly on energy storage solutions for effective operation during periods of low or no sunlight radiation. The study was carried out by the installation of solar water pump system using 500 watts Photovoltaic panel which was connected to a 12V, 200Ah deep cycle Lead-Acid battery and Maxwell supercapacitors 2.5V 3000F. The process involves setting up the system, testing the system, data collection on energy stored, energy efficiency, charging and discharging times and life cycle under similar conditions. The results from the study shows that while Lead Acid batteries are commonly used due to their affordability, they face challenges such as short cycle life and declining efficiency. Conversely, the Maxwell supercapacitor 2.5V, 3000F offer longer life cycle and faster charging and discharging but have limited energy storage capacity. The findings will help engineers, researchers,and end users make informed decisions when choosing the energy storage technology for solar energy systems, especially in off-grid regions or location of unreliable conventional power supply. Furthermore, this study promotes sustainable energy practices by identifying the most cost effective and efficient storage technology for long-term use, potentially influencing future designs of solar water-powered systems.