Advances in Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a common autoimmune disease. Global incidence is on the rise, and traditional insulin injection therapy cannot cure it. With the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of T1D and the progress of medical technology, a large number of innovative therapies are emerging. As one of them, the core of immunotherapy is to regulate the immune system, inhibit autoimmune response, and protect islet β cells. This article reviews the latest research progress of immunotherapy for T1D. Stem cell islet transplantation is relatively safe and effective but still has the risk of rejection. Monoclonal antibodies are effective but cannot be maintained for a long time. Vaccines are relatively simple, but the mechanism is still unclear. At the same time, combined with multiple clinical experimental cases, the development and limitations of immunotherapy at this stage are described in detail, trying to find a new method to break the curse that T1D cannot be cured.