Driving style characteristics based lane-changing intention recognition research for truck drivers near highway ramps

The main conclusions are as follows: the lane-changing process consists of two stages: intention and execution. Driving style is a critical factor in the establishment of lane-changing intention models. Four seconds is a proper time window for lane-changing intention prediction. The lane-changing behavior characteristics of truck drivers differ significantly from those of sedan drivers. The study results improve the understanding of truck lane-changing behavior near highway ramps, and they also help to figure out the safety mechanisms in the future human-vehicle cooperative traffic scenarios.