Research Progress and Challenges of Lipid Nanocarriers Mediated Sirna Delivery for Cancer Therapy

Cancer remains a major global health burden, and traditional treatment methods have limitations. Precision medicine, especially the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA), offers new hope. siRNA can specifically silence cancer - related genes, but its clinical application is hindered by multiple challenges, such as instability, poor cellular uptake, and potential off - target effects. Lipid - based delivery systems, including cationic liposomes, anionic and neutral liposomes, stable nucleic acid - lipid particles (SNALPs), and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), have emerged as promising solutions. This review focuses on the role of siRNA in cancer treatment, its mechanism, and potential targets. It also comprehensively analyzes the lipid - based delivery systems, including their delivery strategies, advantages, and disadvantages. By exploring these aspects, this paper aims to provide valuable insights for future research and clinical applications in siRNA - based cancer therapies.