Radiological and histopathological correlation of hepatic tumors in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

Background: Hepatic tumors present a diagnostic challenge due to overlapping radiological features with both benign and malignant lesions. Differentiating these tumors accurately is essential for appropriate management. Correlating imaging findings with histopathology can enhance diagnostic confidence and reduce unnecessary interventions. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at SCB Medical College, Cuttack, from January 2021 to December 2022, involving 100 patients with hepatic tumors. All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by histopathological evaluation. Radiological findings were compared with histopathology and immunohistochemistry for diagnostic correlation. Results: Out of 100 hepatic tumor cases, 58% showed hypervascularity and 82% had well-defined margins on imaging. T2 hyperintensity was observed in 77% and T1 hypointensity in 60% of lesions. Fat was detected radiologically and histologically in 40% of cases. Histopathology confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma in 45%, angiomyolipoma (AML) in 12%, and other benign tumors in the rest. Conclusions: Radiological features alone may be insufficient for definitive diagnosis. Correlation with histopathology is essential, especially in fat-deficient lesions.