A Compact Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using (RE-BaTiO₃-ZnO) for 5G Wireless Communication Applications

This study focuses on the design of cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas utilizing ternary mixtures composed of epoxy resin, zinc oxide (ZnO), and barium titanate (BT or BaTiO 3 ). The composite materials were fabricated at ambient conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure). Their dielectric features were characterized by time-domain spectroscopy. The antenna structure design, simulation, and optimization are performed using the electromagnetic software Ansys HFSS. The studied antennas consist of a cylindrical dielectric resonator that is centrally positioned on an FR-4 substrate and excited by an aperture coupling, yielding two types of antenna configurations in terms of bandwidth: those operating in a single frequency band and the others supporting dual-band operation. The investigated antennas provide maximum gains ranging from 3.81 to 6.11 dB and give a narrow lower band with a fractional bandwidth of 12.85 to 17.87% and a wide band with a fractional bandwidth between 26.02 and 33.58% in the upper band. The overarching goal of this research is to advance antenna designs for wireless communication applications.