Determination of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Strelitzia reginae (Strelitziaceae)

Inflammation is a biological response that, if unregulated, can contribute to various health disorders. The search for new anti-inflammatory agents has led researchers to explore the medicinal potential of Strelitzia reginae, commonly known as the Bird of Paradise. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic leaf extract of S. reginae. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, saponins, and steroids, while tannins were absent. The Croton Oil-Induced Ear Edema Assay in Swiss albino mice was used to assess anti-inflammatory activity, with Indomethacin as a positive control. Acute oral toxicity testing classified the crude extract as Category 5 under the OECD Guideline 423. Statistical analysis showed that the extract at doses of 25%, 50%, and 75% of LD50 did not exhibit significant anti-inflammatory activity (p > 0.05), whereas Indomethacin demonstrated significant inflammation reduction (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that while S. reginae contains bioactive compounds, its methanolic leaf extract lacks observable anti-inflammatory properties at the tested concentrations. Further studies should explore alternative extraction methods, higher concentrations, or different models to assess its potential therapeutic applications.