Treatment of Atherosclerosis Based on Inflammation-Related Pathways

Atherosclerosis, the primary pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases, poses a significant threat to human health. It is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid accumulation, fibrous plaque formation, and vascular wall calcification, ultimately leading to arterial stiffness and increased blood pressure. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is closely related to inflammatory responses triggered by vascular endothelial injury, involving key inflammatory factors such as interleukins (IL-1, IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2). These factors mediate immune cell recruitment, plaque instability, and thrombosis, significantly increasing the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Recent studies suggest that targeting inflammatory pathways, particularly the NF-κB signaling pathway and ABCA1-seRNA, holds potential for innovative therapeutic approaches. Traditional Chinese medicine, including Guizhi Poria pills, and probiotics have shown anti-inflammatory effects with fewer side effects than conventional drugs. This review summarizes recent advancements in atherosclerosis treatment focusing on inflammation regulation, aiming to provide insights into more effective and personalized therapeutic strategies.