An Overview of Recent Advances in Type 1 Diabetes Therapies

Type 1 diabetes(T1D) is an autoimmune disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta-cell, with both genetic and environmental triggering factors. Many patients need to rely on injecting insulin to replace human insulin and survive, but it is hard to avoid other complications, as there are no complete methods to cure T1D yet. Many therapies other than insulin therapy are developing in progress with many unsolved problems. For example, challenges like safety problems, low production efficiency and feasibility are still overcoming. In this review, factors contributed to T1D and main types of T1D therapies with their recent advances are summarized, including advantages and current problems of therapies. This review can provide a general view of therapies for researchers interested in T1D. In the future, research is still needed, focusing on solving immune challenges in the long run and how to produce beta cell function normally by human body to completely cure the disease.