Induction of Embryogenic Callus Formation and Its Regeneration in Polyploid <i>Allium sativum</i> var. ‘Lumbu Hijau’

Abstract Indonesia relies heavily on garlic for cooking and traditional medicine. However, local farmers struggle to compete with imported garlic due to the larger bulb size of imported garlic and various environmental constraints. The quality of local garlic can be improved by mutation using colchicine. The explants used are the plant’s roots. Colchicine was applied with concentrations of 100ppm with time intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The root tip is then induced by callus with different media. The putative polyploid callus regenerated to become a plantlet. The 24-hour application resulted in the highest callus induction rate of 72%. Among the tested media, Media 15.1 produced the highest number of green spots, with an average of 2.03 spots. The callus from the application of 24 and 72 hours can regenerated as a plant characterized by green spots and shoots. The best media that shows the most green spots is media 15.1 with 2.03 spots. The green spot can grow as a shoot with the best media MS0 for 24 and 72-hour applications. The chromosome becomes tetraploid in each of the three-time applications.