SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF INTANGIBLE COMPONENTS OF LOGISTIC FLOWS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICAL OPTIMIZATION MODELS

The article presents a comprehensive systems analysis of the intangible components of logistics flows and their impact on the efficiency of logistics systems. The theoretical foundations of intangible components, including information flows, knowledge flows, communications and relationship management in supply chains are considered. The authors conduct a detailed study of the methodologies for analyzing intangible components, highlighting qualitative, quantitative and hybrid approaches to assessing these elements. Particular attention is paid to the practical problems of measuring intangible components, issues of subjectivity of assessments and the dynamic nature of these components. The paper presents models for optimizing logistics flows taking into account intangible factors, as well as examples of their successful integration with material elements. Based on the analysis of modern technological trends and changing customer expectations, recommendations for practitioners on improving logistics processes are formulated. The study makes a significant contribution to the development of the theory and practice of logistics management, offering a systems approach to optimizing all components of logistics flows.