Evaluation of the Relationship between Backpain, Headache, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and their Referred Pain Pattern in Patients with TMJ Disorders - A Case-Control Study

Abstract Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition which includes pain and dysfunction in the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints (TMJ). The causes of TMD are multifactorial, and its complex origins make treatment more challenging. Recognizing the pain or dysfunction related to TMD can help to avoid misdiagnosis and provide better treatment outcome. Objectives: To examine the relationship between back pain, headaches, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with TMD and compare these findings with a control group without TMD. Methods: This study comprised 200 patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. They completed a detailed questionnaire on symptoms in the lower back, neck, shoulders, jaw/face, and sleep apnea. A body chart marked pain locations. Data were analyzed statistically and compared to a control group without TMD. Results: TMD patients exhibited a high prevalence of headaches and back pain, but no significant link was found between TMD and OSA. Conclusion: TMD patients often experience headaches and neck pain, indicating that TMJ dysfunction affects more than just the jaw. Misdiagnosis of these symptoms can delay proper TMD treatment, worsening the condition. This study emphasizes the importance of accurate TMD diagnosis for timely and effective treatment.