Dimorphic Assessment of Inter-Pterygoid Plate Distances in Dentulous and Partially Edentulous Dentition using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Abstract Background: The inter-pterygoid plate distance (IPD) is a critical anatomical parameter for pterygoid implant placement. Variations in this distance may be influenced by factors such as age, gender, and dentition status. However, limited research has explored these associations using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the IPD in dentulous and partially edentulous individuals of various age groups, while also assessing variations based on age and gender using CBCT. Methods: A retrospective observational study analyzed 240 CBCT scans, examining axial and coronal sections to measure the IPD, defined as the space between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates. Measurements were stratified by permanent dentition status, age, and gender to identify morphological differences. Results: Dentulous individuals consistently exhibited greater IPD across all age groups, suggesting that natural teeth help maintain structural integrity. Partially edentulous individuals demonstrated more variability, indicating that tooth loss impacts both width and length dimensions. Age-related changes were more pronounced in edentulous individuals, with a tendency toward reduced IPD over time. Gender-based differences were observed, with males generally exhibiting larger distance than females. Conclusion: The IPD varies significantly based on dentition status, age, and gender. These findings emphasize the need for individualized treatment planning for pterygoid implant placement.