Factors contributing to time delay and cost overrun in the construction of bridges along the Prithvi highway in Nepal

Time delays and cost overruns are a significant issue in infrastructure development, particularly in bridge construction in the Prithvi Highway of Nepal. This research investigates the key factors responsible for these issues, founded on technical, managerial, environmental, and socio-economic factors. Primary data were collected through surveys and interviews with stakeholders of the projects, including engineers, contractors, and government officials, and secondary data were collected from project reports and case studies. Findings indicate that inadequate project planning, poor contract management, insufficient finance, and incorrect resource allocation are key sources of delays and cost overruns. Additional sources are adverse weather, challenging terrain, political instability, and bureaucratic hurdles, which further exacerbate these issues. The study also cites labour shortages and materials price inflation. To meet these challenges, recommendations include formulating project management strategies, enhancing risk assessment mechanisms, and adopting contemporary construction technology. Solving these determinants is imperative to timely and cost-effective bridge construction, and ultimately Nepal's transport system expansion and economic progress.