Microbial fuel cell for concurrent reactive dye degradation and sustainable bio-electricity generation

This study investigates the application of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) for the simultaneous treatment of azo dye-containing wastewater and energy generation. Focusing on the degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) azo dye, this research employs a dual-chamber MFC inoculated with Escherichia coli, utilizing glucose as a substrate and mediators such as Methylene Blue and Neutral Red. The experimental setup included variations in operating parameters, including electrode materials (aluminium, mild steel, and graphite), proton exchange mechanisms (salt bridge and Nafion membrane), and the impact of mediators. The results demonstrated a notable decolorization efficiency ranging from 60% to 86%, voltage generation between 510–940 mV, and COD reduction ranging from 32% to 83% indicating the effectiveness of the MFC approach. When compared to varied configurations employed in this investigation, the combination of the graphite electrode working in tandem with the Nafion membrane and the application of Methylene Blue mediator demonstrated superior performance. This research contributes appreciably to the understanding of sustainable energy solutions and environmental remediation strategies for textile industry effluents.