Optimization of concrete mix designs utilizing recycled materials for improved sustainability in civil engineering

The construction industry of buildings contributes significantly to environmental deterioration and demands environmentally friendly ways of using materials [1]. The paper deals with the optimization of mix designs for concrete utilizing recycled materials such as recycled aggregates, fly ash, and ground granulated blast-furnace slag in order to enhance sustainability in civil engineering [2]. Experimental investigation is utilized in the current research to determine the mechanical properties, durability, and environmental impact of varying mix ratios. Advanced optimization techniques, including response surface methodology and machine learning algorithms, are used to identify the most efficient mix design that delivers strength, workability, and sustainability [3]. Findings indicate that recycling wastes is capable of reducing carbon emissions, reducing natural resource depletion, and maintaining structural integrity on a par with conventional concrete [21].