SHE hazard assessment in metro projects: an AHP approach

Metro infrastructure projects present significant Safety, Health, and Environmental (SHE) hazards across their lifecycle. Traditional hazard assessment methods often lack structured prioritization, leading to inefficiencies in mitigation strategies. This study employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to systematically prioritize SHE hazards in metro projects across four key phases: Design, Construction, Operation & Maintenance, and Environmental Hazard Management. Data was collected through expert questionnaires, and pairwise comparisons were used to derive hazard rankings. The results highlight critical hazards such as excavation collapses, machinery-related accidents, air quality degradation, and inadequate emergency response systems, varying by project phase. This study provides a structured decision-making model that enhances hazard management strategies, ensuring safer and more sustainable metro infrastructure development.