Seasonal and Spatial Dynamics of Total Dissolved Solids and Total Suspended Solids in Sewage from Sironj, Vidisha, India (2024)

This study examined the seasonal and spatial variations in Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in sewage samples collected from five suburban sites in Sironj Tehsil, district Vidisha, India, during 2024. Samples from Kahra Bazar, Kathali, Bhawani Nagar, Katra Mohalla, and Hajipur were analyzed using standard gravimetric methods (APHA 2540 C and D, 2017). TDS levels ranged from 683.71 to 735.21 mg/L, peaking in summer (mean: 733.30 mg/L) due to evaporation and decreasing in the monsoon (mean: 688.08 mg/L) due to rainfall dilution. TSS levels varied from 154.84 to 312.78 mg/L, with a monsoon peak (mean: 282.47 mg/L) driven by runoff and a winter low (mean: 164.14 mg/L). Two-way ANOVA confirmed significant seasonal effects on both TDS (F(3,80)=72.84, p<0.001) and TSS (F(3,80)=13.984, p<0.001), but no significant spatial variation across sites. Hajipur consistently showed lower TDS and TSS, whereas Kahra Bazar recorded the highest values, particularly during the monsoon. These findings highlight the influence of environmental factors, such as temperature and rainfall, on sewage composition, with implications for wastewater management in Sironj. Key Words: Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Sewage, Seasonal Variation, Spatial Analysis, Sironj, Vidisha, Wastewater Management, Gravimetric Method, Two-way ANOVA