Love at first hop? A pilot study on the social behavior of companion rabbits during the introduction period

The pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), known for its social nature, often experiences suboptimal living conditions when kept in solitary housing, as it fails to meet its social needs. In this study, the social dynamics during the introduction of companion rabbits are investigated focusing on opposite-sex pairs, and behavioral traits that may be linked to successful pairings are examined (i.e. defined as rabbit pairs living together for at least three months after the introduction). Eight introductions involving 17 rabbits at a shelter were recorded, and the recorded videos were analyzed for behavioral interactions. Key behaviors were quantified based on their presence, frequency and duration. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed that successful pairings were characterized by higher prevalence of approaching, mounting on the head and sniffing the other rabbit. In contrast, aggressive behaviors such as attacking, fighting and threatening were more prevalent in unsuccessful pairings. The findings of the present study underscore the importance of careful pairing and understanding behavioral indicators to improve social housing of rabbits, ultimately enhancing their welfare.