VCII-based Generalized Configurations for Grounded Series-type Immittance Simulators

This paper presents four novel generalized configurations for grounded series-type immittance simulators. The proposed circuits implement series RL, series RC and series CD simulators using only two second-generation voltage conveyors (VCII[Formula: see text]) as active components, along with three passive impedances, without requiring any matching conditions. The series CD simulator is demonstrated as a second-order low-pass filter (LPF) to highlight the practical applicability of the proposed configurations. To validate the feasibility of these circuits, comprehensive analyses are carried out, including frequency, time-domain and Monte-Carlo simulations, utilizing a CMOS VCII[Formula: see text] model in the SPICE simulation environment. The performance of the circuits is further assessed through layout design in Cadence Virtuoso with a 0.18[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]m CMOS process, including both pre-layout and post-layout simulation results. Additionally, the circuits are verified using a macro model of the commercially available IC AD844, with experimental results provided to confirm the theoretical predictions obtained using the VCII[Formula: see text] implemented with this IC.