Dry ports as an element of transport and logistics infrastructure

The reorientation of Russia's transport flows from the west to the east and south has revealed “bottlenecks” in the country's existing transport and logistics infrastructure, especially in its Asian part. Logistical constraints reduce the efficiency of processing commodity flows, slow down their movement across the border of the Russian Federation and within the country, and increase the costs of shippers and consignees. The insufficient capacity of seaports and Russian railways necessitates the use of intermodal and multimodal cargo transportation. The use of the dry ports concept can improve the efficiency of such transportation in the current economic conditions. Dry ports, as a new element of the transportation and logistics infrastructure, have significant economic potential to increase the efficiency of transporting goods and resources within national and international supply chains through access to various modes of transport. Their role is further increasing in the framework of the creation and development of new transport corridors, but they have not yet become widespread in Russia. Theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the concept of a dry port are investigated, the main distinguishing characteristics of dry ports, approaches to their classification are considered, and new classification features are proposed. The main infrastructural, technical and organizational requirements for the organization of dry ports are defined, the main functions of ports in modern economic conditions are identified. The potential benefits of using dry ports within the framework of the country's transport and logistics infrastructure are analyzed. The sources of financing for the construction of dry ports in world practice have been identified, and parameters for public-private partnership in the organization of new dry ports have been proposed.