Crosstalk between osteoporosis and fat-infiltrated psoas at the upper lumbar levels

Osteoporosis appears to be associated with increased fatty infiltration of the psoas muscle, particularly at the upper lumbar levels. Therefore, detailed evaluation of the psoas muscle should be considered in osteoporotic patients. Conversely, the presence of fat-infiltrated psoas muscles at upper lumbar levels may warrant clinical suspicion for underlying osteoporosis. Management strategies for osteoporosis should incorporate interventions aimed at enhancing the quality and strength of the psoas muscle to help prevent vertebral compression fractures.