CORRELATION OF BIOMETRIC AND PHOTOMETRIC FEATURES OF THE FACIAL PROFILE IN DISTAL OCCLUSION

Introduction. The biggest complaints of patients with a distal occlusion and their parents relate to esthetic problems in the structure of the child's face. The expectations of patients and, especially, parents for the results of orthodontic treatment are also focused on a significant improvement in the patient's appearance. That is why knowing the real possibilities for a doctor to improve the child's facial esthetics through orthodontic treatment is extremely important for orthodontics. Purpose of the study. To reveal the correlation between biometric and photometric features of the facial profile in patients with a distal occlusion with different types of mandibular growth in the late period of mixed dentition. Materials and methods. 74 adolescents in the late period of mixed dentition with a distal occlusion and different types of mandibular growth were examined; and the type of mandibular growth was established on orthopantomograms. Biometric indicators of 74 pairs of diagnostic test models of jaws were studied. The transversal and sagittal parameters of the upper and lower dentition were studied, in particular: width in the area of canines, first premolars, first molars and the length of the anterior segment. 204 photos of faces in profile were analyzed. Angular parameters like Downs angle, gl-Ul-pg angle, Viazis angle, Th‑me:NoV angle, profile T angle, labial LPA angle, chin-labial angle, nasolabial Ls-sn-cm angle were studied. Results. In all patients with a distal occlusion, the correlation between biometric and photometric features of the facial profile is 100%. Studies have shown that not all morphometric parameters that were to be studied significantly affect patients` appearance. Weak relationships were prevalent for all patients with different types of mandibular growth. When analyzing the influence of morphometric parameters on the esthetic features of the face profile, the largest number of strong and medium relationships was established for the neutral type of mandibular growth (4 strong and 7 medium) and neutral-horizontal type (1 strong and 12 medium). The studied morphometric indicators significantly affect the values of the gl-Ul-pg angle, the V (Viazis) angle, the Th‑me/NoV angle, and the profile angle. Conclusions. It should be noted that in patients with a distal occlusion in the late period of mixed dentition, who have a different type of mandibular growth, ambiguous interdependent relationships of biometric parameters with esthetic features of the facial profile are reported. In our opinion, this can be explained by the fact that the formation of this malocclusion is based on unequal growth and development of the morphological structures of the facial area, which requires further research.