Transition of Independent Colleges: Historical Trajectories, Realistic Dilemmas, and Strategic Pathways—A Case Study of Independent Colleges in Jiangxi Province

独立学院转设作为我国高等教育供给侧改革的重要举措，面临产权界定模糊、政策执行偏差与公众认知壁垒等多重挑战。本文基于利益相关者理论框架，结合江西省独立学院转设现实境遇，揭示转设为民办本科、公办本科及合并为职业大学三种路径下的核心矛盾。研究指出：民办路径存在资本的经济考量与制度依赖；公办路径受制于地方财政承载力；职业大学路径则面临教师适应性障碍与公众认知偏差。并提出构建“产权评估–强化办学–政策协同–权益保障–舆论引导”五位一体的治理体系，为破解转设困境提供理论依据与实践参考。As a crucial initiative in China’s higher education supply-side reform, the transition of independent colleges confronts multifaceted challenges including ambiguous property rights delineation, policy implementation deviations, and public cognitive barriers. Grounded in stakeholder theory, this study examines the tripartite transition pathways within Jiangxi Province—conversion to private undergraduate institutions, public undergraduate institutions, and merger into vocational universities, revealing core contradictions inherent to each approach. The findings indicate: private transition pathways encounter tensions between capitalist economic calculus and institutional path dependence; public pathways are constrained by regional fiscal capacities; vocational university mergers face dual challenges of faculty adaptation barriers and societal perception gaps. The paper proposes an integrated governance framework encompassing property rights assessment, academic quality enhancement, policy coordination, equity protection, and public opinion guidance, offering theoretical insights and practical solutions for institutional transition challenges.