Dynamics of the main indicators of medical care to the population of the Russian Federation for the period 1993—2023 in the “Oncology” profile

Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of the performance indicators of the oncology service in the Russian Federation over a 30-year period (1993—2023). Material and methods. Data of Federal State Statistics Service (Russia), statistical forms No. 7, 35, C-51. All obtained results were processed using standard statistical processing programs. Results. An analysis of the main indicators of cancer care for the population of Russia for the period 1993—2023 was performed. A trend towards a decrease in the standardized incidence of malignant neoplasms of 6 localizations has been established: lips (426.67%), stomach (129.38%), bones and articular cartilage (91.03%), trachea, bronchi, lung (64. 43%), larynx (61.57%), esophagus (50.68%). When assessing the standardized mortality rate from a malignant neoplasm, against the background of a general decrease, localizations with an increase in the level of deaths are identified: malignant neoplasm of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue (5.96%), malignant neoplasm of the skin (3.85%) and malignant neoplasm of the colon (0. 92%). The increase in the number of newly registered cases of malignant neoplasms reached 64.81%, in men — 48.41%, in women — 81.67%. The negative increase in deaths from malignant neoplasms was 5.63%, in men — 11.18%, in women — 1.61%. A statistically significant improvement in the accounting reliability index was revealed, equal to -42.74%. One-year mortality retained a similar trend trajectory of the accounting reliability index: with a negative increase over the study period equal to -53.19%, in 2023 its value was 18.26%. The proportion of patients with newly diagnosed stage IV malignant neoplasms decreased by 5.42%. The proportion of patients with stage I-II malignant neoplasms increased by 25.58%. The indicator of morphological verification of a malignant process increased by 26.79%. The increase in the accumulation index of contingents amounted to 61.82%. The ratio of one-year mortality rates of the reporting year and neglect (stage IV) of the previous year decreased by 50.12%. Conclusion. The presence of an expansion of morbidity in Russia, characterized by an increase in the average life expectancy of patients with malignant neoplasms, has been confirmed. It has been shown that the development of the current trend may lead to an increase in the prevalence of malignant neoplasms and strengthening of their position.