A Legal Sociology View of Risks & Regulation of AI-Aided Judicial Adjudication

在司法体制改革与人工智能技术发展的背景下，人工智能辅助司法裁判成为重要趋势。本文从法社会学视角出发，探讨其理论基础，包括概念及满足公众对司法效率、公平正义和公开的需求。阐述了技术原理和应用现状，并识别出数据泄漏、算法歧视、冲击法官主体性地位、引发司法裁判责任争议等风险。深入分析这些风险的成因，如法律规制缺失、社会观念渗透等。进而提出规制路径，包括完善法律规制、培养复合型人才、提升情理兼容性以及平衡社会需求与技术能力，旨在促进人工智能与司法裁判的良性融合，推动司法现代化进程。Against the backdrop of judicial system reform and the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, AI-assisted judicial adjudication has emerged as a significant trend. From the perspective of legal sociology, this paper explores its theoretical foundations, encompassing its concepts and its role in meeting the public’s demands for judicial efficiency, fairness, justice, and transparency. It elucidates the technical principles and current application status of AI in this field, while identifying risks such as data leakage, algorithmic discrimination, undermining of judges’ subjectivity, and disputes over judicial adjudication responsibility. The paper delves into the causes of these risks, including the absence of legal regulations and the infiltration of societal perceptions. Subsequently, it proposes regulatory pathways, including improving legal frameworks, cultivating interdisciplinary talents, enhancing the compatibility of AI with human sentiment and reason, and balancing societal needs with technological capabilities. The aim is to facilitate a healthy integration of AI and judicial adjudication, thereby advancing the process of judicial modernization.